A Phase 1 Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) is the preliminary step in evaluating the environmental condition of a site. It is the first stage in identifying possible environmental contamination risks, and its goal is to determine whether there is a reason to be concerned about contamination on the property. This assessment is typically required when a property is being sold, leased, or developed, and it serves as a risk management tool for property owners, investors, and developers.

The Phase 1 ESA focuses on gathering historical and current information about the site. Environmental professionals review the site’s past uses, conduct a visual inspection, and consult public databases to identify potential environmental hazards. They also speak with past property owners or tenants to understand the activities that may have taken place on the land, such as industrial operations, chemical storage, or waste disposal.

While Phase 1 Site Assessments do not include soil or groundwater testing, they are designed to identify potential risks, such as hazardous materials, petroleum products, or waste disposal areas. If these risks are suspected, the next step would typically involve a Phase 2 ESA, which includes more invasive testing to confirm contamination and assess the level of environmental harm.

The results of the Phase 1 ESA are documented in a report that outlines the findings and makes recommendations for further investigation if necessary. A Phase 1 assessment serves as a valuable tool for decision-makers to ensure that any potential contamination is addressed early in the process, reducing the risk of future legal or financial consequences.

environmental site assessment

contaminated land survey